ISHYAKA RYA GISOSIYALISITI RIRENGERA ABAKOZI MU RWANDA
PARTI SOCIALISTE RWANDAIS- TRAVAILLISTE
RWANDESE SOCIALIST LABOUR PARTY
ITANGANZO RY’ISHYAKA PSR KURI FDLR RIGENEWE ITANGAZAMAKURU
Muri Nyakanga 2014, umutwe w’abasize bahekuye u Rwanda mu mwaka w’i 1994- wiyise URUGAGA RUHARANIRA DEMOKARASI NO KUBOHOZA U RWANDA [FDLR] wahawe igihe cy’amezi atandatu n’Inama Mpuzamahanga y’Ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari [ICGLR] n’Umuryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu by’Afurika yo mu Majyepfo [SADC], ugenda unanibutswa ko kuwa 2 Mutarama 2015 ari ntarengwa ku gushyira intwaro hasi ku neza.
Uretse abarwanyi 150 batangajwe ko baba barashyize intwaro hasi ku cyumweru tariki 28 Ukuboza 2014- n’abandi bacye bari basanzwe barazishyize hasi muri Gicurasi mu mwaka ushize, itariki ya 2 Mutarama 2015 yageze nta kindi gikorwa cyo gushyira intwaro hasi cyakozwe.
Bigaragarira umuntu uwari we wese ko umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi FDLR wahawe igihe kirenze gihagije ngo ushobore gushyira ibirwanisho hasi. Ariko, nkuko umuyobozi wawo Jenerali Majoro Byiringiro Victor aherutse kubitangaza, kuba nyuma y’itariki ya 2 Mutarama 2015 nirenga baraswaho, bitabateye ubwoba. None ubungubu, amazi asa nkayarenze inkombe.
Umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi FDLR wahimbwe mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi mu mwaka w’i 2000, usimbura uwundi mutwe w’abagizi ba nabi witwaga ALIR- Armée de Libération du Rwanda-, wari umaze guseswa n’abari bawugize b’Interahamwe n’abari mu ngabo z’Igihugu, ex- FAR, batsinzwe bamaze kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka w’i 1994.
Bamwe mu bayobozi ba FDLR bacumbikiwe mu bihugu by’ubumwe bw’Uburayi- barimo cyane cyane Ignace Murwanashyaka wigeze gufungirwa ibyaha by’intambara ndengakamere byibasiye ikiremwamuntu, igihe gito mu mwaka w’i 2009, acumbikiwe mu Budage. Abandi benshi muri bo bakomeje kwidegembya mu bihugu hafi ya byose by’uyu muryango w’ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’Uburayi.
Mu rwego rwa politiki, umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi wa FDLR ufite kandi ubufatanye n’udutsiko twa politiki nka RNC- Rwanda National Congress-, Alliance pour la renaissance de la Nation, Nation Imbaga y’Inyabutatu- Nyarwanda, agace kamwe k’ishyaka PS Imberakuri na bamwe mu bayobozi ba Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, basangiye ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’amahame y’amacakubiri.
Mu mpera y’umwaka w’i 2013 no hagati y’umwaka ushize w’i 2014, bamwe mu bayobozi b’Igihugu cya Tanzania, barimo perezida w’icyo Gihugu, Jakaya Murisho Kikwete na Minisitiri we w’ububanyi n’amahanga, Bernard Membe, berekanye ku mugaragaro ko bashyigikiye inkoramaraso zo mu mutwe wa FDLR, maze banawusabira kugirana imishyikirano na Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda birengagije yuko benshi mu bagize umutwe wa FDLR basize bahekuye Igihugu cyacu mu mwaka w’i 1994. Icyo gitekerezo cy’ububisha cyamaganwe n’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda hamwe na benshi mu muryango mpuzamahanga baharanira ukuri, ubutabera n’umuco w’amahoro. Ariko, ubungubu, nkuko bigaragarira umuntu uwari we wese, ingabo za Tanzania ziganje muri « Brigade spéciale de la Force des Nations Unies [FIB] » ni zo ziri kw’isonga mu kudindiza igikorwa cyo guhashya burundu abagizi ba nabi b’umutwe wa FDLR, ndetse ingabo za Tanzania ziri muri FIB zinafasha abarwanyi ba FDLR kwisuganya ; gushakisha abandi bayoboke bashya babo; gucukura no kugurisha, mu buryo bunyuranye n’amategeko, amabuye y’agaciro y’ubutaka bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no kugura ibikoresho by’intambara, bafatanyije na bamwe mu ngabo za Leta ya Kongo- FARDC. Urugero rw’ubufatanye hagati ya FDLR n’ingabo za Leta ya Kongo ni ubuvugwa hagati ya FDLR na unité ya 85 ya FARDC bukorerwa mu Ntara ya Kivu y’amajyaruguru. Ubwo bufatanye bushingiye k’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, guhana imbunda, amasasu n’abarwanyi. FDLR yari ifite umubare w’abarwanyi babarirwa hagati y’ibihumbi bitandatu [6.000] n’ibihumbi makamyabiri na bibiri [22.000], mu mwaka w’i 2000. Umubare wabo w’igihumbi na magana tatu na cumi na babiri [1.312] watangajwe na Minisitiri w’ubutabera wa RDC, Mwamba Thambwe Alexis, mu ijoro ry’itariki 2 Mutarama 2015, ushobora kuba ari ikinyoma. Ukuri nuko, kuva mu mwaka w’i 1998, bamwe muri abo barwanyi bakoreshwa nk’abacanshuro [« supplétifs »], binjinzwe mu ngabo za Leta ya Kongo, FARDC, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiswe « intégration », kandi bose bagumanye umugambi mubisha wo gutera u Rwanda no guhungabanya umutekano mu Bihugu byose byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, harimo na RDC. Benshi muri abo barwanyi bigize intagondwa bari mu Ntara z’amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo za Kivu zombi; mu Ntara ya Maniema n’iya Katanga mu majyaruguru y’umugi wa Lubumbashi. Udutsiko dutatu [3] twitwaje imbunda nto n’inini ni two tubiganjemo: FOCA- Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi- RUD Urunana [Rally for Unity and Democracy Urunana] na SOKI.
Kuva washingwa kugeza ubu, hashize imyaka cumi n’ine [14], umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi FDLR wagize ingwate bamwe mu mpuzi z’Abanyarwanda batitwaje imbunda, ubaheza mu mashyamba ya RDC, bo n’imiryango yabo, ubabwira ko batashye mu Rwanda bakwicwa, nkuko byagiye bihamywa n’abashoboye gutoroka ubwo bucakara bashyizwemo na FDLR bagatahuka mu Rwanda. Sosiyete Sivile yo muri RDC hamwe na Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yagumye itangaza, mu bihe bitandukanye, ko umutwe wa FDLR ubangamiye umutekano w’abaturage bose mu Karere ko mu Biyaga Bigari, ko ushora abana mu mirwano, usahura imyaka n’amatungo by’abaturage, ndetse kenshi ubahohotera mu buryo bunyuranye kandi bukabije, harimo no kubica no gufata ku ngufu abakobwa n’abagore, benshi muri bo ukabagira abacakara, ukabateza indwara z’icyorezo, ukabagira incike cyangwa ukabateza ubumuga budakira. Urugero: Mu ijoro rimwe gusa, mu Karere ka Busurungi, abarwanyi ba FDLR bishe urubozo abaturage 96 barimo abana 25, abagore 23 n’abagabo b’abasaza batabarwanya, bafata ku ngufu abagore 60, batwika inzu 702, za dispensaires, amashuri na za kiliziya zose zo muri ako Karere [mushobora kubisoma muri raporo ya Human Rights Watch, yakozwe mu Ukuboza mu mwaka w’i 2009, k’urupapuro rwa 96]. Nkuko ibyo byongeye kwemezwa, mu buryo budasubirwaho, na za raporo z’umuryango mpuzamahanga Amnesty International, akanama gashinzwe umutekano ka Loni na Reséaux d’information régionaux intégrés. Kubirebana n’ubugome bukabije umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi FDLR ukomeje gukorera abaturage bo mu Bihugu by’Ibiyaga Bigari, mushobora kubisoma, mu buryo bw’umwihariko, mu nyandiko twatanze inyito zazo mu mugereka w’iyi memorandum, twise références bibliographiques.
ISHYAKA RYA GISOSIYALISITI RIRENGERA ABAKOZI MU RWANDA
PARTI SOCIALISTE RWANDAIS- TRAVAILLISTE
RWANDESE SOCIALIST LABOUR PARTY
IBYO ISHYAKA PSR RISABA UMURYANGO MPUZAMAHANGA, LETA YA REPUBULIKA IHARANIRA DEMOKARASI YA KONGO, LETA Y’UBUMWE BW’ABANYARWANDA N’IMPUNZI ZAFASHWE BUGWATE NA FDLR
Hashingiwe ku cyemezo 2098 cyemejwe n’akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano kw’isi, tariki ya 28 Werurwe 2013; hashingiwe kandi ku byemezo byemejwe n’abakuru b’ibihugu bigize umuryango wa CIRGL mu nama yabahuje i Luanda [Angola], tariki 14 Kanama 2014, n’ibindi byemezo bari bumvikanyeho k’umutwe w’iterabwoba FDLR, mu nama bahuriyemo, muri icyo gihe; i Victoria Falls [Zimbamwe], Ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti Rirengera Abakozi mu Rwanda/ PSR rirasaba umuryango mpuzamahanga, Leta ya RDC, Leta y’U Rwanda n’impuzi zafashwe bugwate na FDLR ibi bikirikira:
1. - Ko Leta ya RDC yashyira mu bikorwa, nta mananiza kandi mu maguru mashya, umugambi witwa «Sukola II», uteganya kwambura intwaro abarwanyi b’umutwe w’iterabwoba biyise FDLR, hakoreshejwe ingufu za gisilikare;
2. – Ko bamwe, muri abo barwanyi b’uwo mutwe, bifuza kugira mahoro kandi bakanayifuriza ababo, bagira ibakwe bagashyikiriza intwaro bitwaje ingabo mpuzamahanga za MONUSCO, maze bakazishyira hasi nta mananiza;
3. – Ko impuzi z’abasivile zafashwe bugwate n’abarwanyi b’umutwe FDLR bakwishyikiriza ingabo z’umuryango mpuzamahanga MONUSCO, maze zikaboherereza gutaha mu Rwanda. Iwabo w’izo mpuzi ziri mu nkambi za Walungu, Kanyabayonga cyangwa mu mashyamba y’i Kisangani, ni mu Rwanda rwababyaye; kandi bazakirwa neza na za serivise za Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda; hanyuma basubizwe mu buzima busanzwe;
4. – Ko Leta zose zo mu muryango mpuzamahanga zigendera ku mahame ya Leta igengwa n’amategeko [rule of Law/ l’État de droit] zafata ibyemezo byo gufunga no kujyana imbere y’ubutabera abarwanyi bo muri FDLR bagaragaweho ibyaha byo guhohotera ikiremwamuntu;
5. – Ko impapuro z’inzira n’imitungo yose y’abo bagizi ba nabi yafatirwa, hatirengagijwe n’abafatanyabikorwa b’izo nkozi z’ibibi. Bamwe muri bo ni abangaba:
Byiringiro Victor, jenerali majoro;
Mbarushimana Callixte;
La Forge Fils Bazeye [pseudonymes];
Murwanashyaka Ignace ;
Mudacumura Sylvestre, jenerali ;
Musoni Straton ;
Iyamuremye, jenerali ;
Bigaruka Stanislas [alias Izabayo Bigaruka].
Abandi bafatirwa impapuro z’inzira n’imitungo yabo ni abayobozi b’ubu butsiko bufatanyije na FDLR:- Maï Maï Lafontaine bafite ibirindiro byabo i Lubero;
Maï Maï Nyatura;
Agace k’ishyaka PS- Imberakuri kigize intagondwa;
RDI- Rwanda Rwiza;
FCLR- Ubumwe
Rwanda Democratic Union [RDU- UDR]; n’abandi bavuzwe hejuru.
6. – Kubuza ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, cyane zahabu, coltran na « tantalum» acukurwa n’abaturage FDLR yagize imbohe; nkuko itegeko ryitiriwe impuguke y’umunyamerika Dodd- Frank ribiteganya kuva mu mwaka w’i 2010;
7. – Kubuza ubucuruzi bw’imbaho n’amakara bugirwa n’abarwanyi ba FDLR bangiza ibidukikije cyane cyane muri Pariki y’i Birunga; 92% by’amakara acuruzwa ku masoko y’Intara y’amajyaruguru ya Kivu ni ayabarwanyi ba FDLR;
8. – Gukurikirana mu butabera mpuzamahanga intagondwa z’Abanyarwanda ziba i Burayi zoherereza umusanzu w’amafaranga FDLR ikawukoresha mu bwicanyi igirira inzirakarengane;
9. – Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda ikwiye kwirinda, ku buryo bwose, kutagirana ibiganiro n’ubuyobozi bw’inkoramaraso zo mu mutwe FDLR, kubera yuko ibyaha bashinjwa birenze indengakamere. Ni nayo mpamvu yatumye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika [USA] n’umuryango w’abibumbye [ONU] bashyize ku rwego ruhanitse FDLR mu mitwe y’iterabwoba kw’isi;
10. - Kugenzura ibikorwa bya FDLR mu nkambi z’abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara n’abiyitirira kuba impunzi mu buryo budateganywa na za «statuts » z’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe impunzi HCR.
ICYITONDERWA
Ishyaka Rya Gisosiyalisiti Rirengera Abakozi mu Rwanda/ PSR rikanguriye imbaga y’Abanyarwanda- aho bari hose, mu Gihugu hagati no muri « Diaspora »- kwitegura guhangana, bibaye ngombwa, n’umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi FDLR n’abambari bawo, no kurimbura burundu ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yawo, hashingiwe kuri gahunda ya « Ndi Umunyarwanda », no kubungabunga ubumwe, umutekano n’iterambere rusange tumaze kugeraho. Ariko, mbere ya byose, icy’ingenzi nuko, byanze bikunze, imbaga y’Abanyarwanda igomba guharanira kubaho.
Bikorewe i Kigali, kuwa 8 Mutarama 2015.
Mu izina ry’Ishyaka PSR,
Jean- Baptiste Rucibigango, Hon.
Umuyobozi mukuru w’Ishyaka PSR.
UMUGEREKA
ANNEXE
RÉFÉRENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES
1. Tshitenge Lubabu, MK, « Qui sont les FDLR? ». À lire sur jeuneafrique.com. Décembre 2007.
2. « Accord pour désarmer les rebelles hutu rwandais en RDC ». À lire sur lexpress.fr. Décembre 2008.
3. Tshitenga Lubabu, MK, « Le parcours d’un jusqu’au-boutiste ». À lire sur jeuneafrique.com. Novembre 2009.
4. CPI : « mandat d’arrêt contre Mudacumura. Cf. Le Figaro, 13 juillet 2012.
5. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, « Rwanda : information sur les Forces democratique de libération du Rwanda [ FDLR] ». À lire sur unhcr.org. Octobre 2007.
6. Jean- Marc Balencie et Arnaud de La Grange, Les Nouveaux Mondes rebelles. Paris, Éditions Michalon, 2005, pp.237-238.
7. Rebecca Blackwell & AP Image, Comment démanteler une milice meutrière. The project to end genocide and crimes against humanity. Enough Team, 2014. 23 PP, s.l.
End.